Photos of gay Paris under Nazi occupation draw fire

Rasp

Senior Editor
Photos of gay Paris under Nazi occupation draw fire

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People walk on the rue de Belleville in Paris in this undated 1944 image by French photographer Andre Zucca which is part of an exhibit called Parisians under the Occupation shown at the Paris City Hall

Photos of gay Paris under Nazi occupation draw fire

PHOTOS of carefree Parisians lazing in cafes, flocking to cinemas or enjoying a day at the races during the Nazi occupation have sparked outrage in Paris and calls for the exhibit to be shut down.

The 270 unpublished photographs by Andre Zucca, a French photographer who worked for the Nazi propaganda magazine Signal, are billed as the only major collection of colour pictures taken during the four years of the Paris occupation.

The photo exhibit showing women in polka-dot dresses strolling down Paris boulevards and children playing at the Luxembourg gardens is under fire for failing to mention that thousands of Jews were deported and countless other Parisians endured hardship during the 1940-1944 occupation.

A picture of an elderly woman dressed in a black coat emblazoned with the yellow star and a second one of a man also wearing the badge of shame in Paris’s Jewish quarter offer the only hint of Nazi persecution.

The head of cultural affairs at Paris city hall, Christophe Girard, called at the weekend for the exhibit called Parisians under the Occupation at the Paris City History Library to be shut down, saying that he was “upset” by the photographs.

Zucca’s “outlook shows nothing, or very little, of the reality of the occupation,” said Girard.

But Paris Mayor Bertrand Delanoe stepped in the fray and said the exhibit would be allowed to continue as scheduled until July after ordering city historians to provide additional information to give visitors a fuller picture.

Visitors are now handed an information sheet, written in French, English and Spanish, explaining that Zucca “has opted for a vision that doesn’t show – or hardly shows – the reality of occupation and its tragic aspects”.

Jean Derens, the director of the library who commissioned the exhibit, said it would amount to censorship to shut down the exhibit and not show what he described as “exceptional works”.

“These photographs are very powerful,” said Derens, who shot back at calls for more detailed descriptions of each photograph to give context. “We need to give information on who took it and when, and then let the viewer take in the photograph.”

The Paris library decided to organise the exhibit after thousands of negatives from Zucca photographs it had purchased in 1986 were digitised, allowing much of the colour of the original works to be restored.

But for Parisian Gilles Perreault, who was caught on film by Zucca as an 11-year-old bespectacled boy, pushing his toy boat on the pond of the Luxembourg gardens, the exhibit shows a “false image” of Paris during those four years.

“Yes I was this easy-going boy who played with his boat, but I was also afraid,” recounted Perreault. “My parents were resistance fighters and I knew what it meant.”

Perreault said the exhibit is silent about the Nazi persecution of Jews and other campaigns of repression as well as the food rationing and poverty that plagued the city.

“I think if young people come to this exhibit and only see these pictures, they will come away with the wrong impression,” he said.

One of the photographs shows a large banner of the Nazi swastika hanging from a building on the boulevards while a sandwich-board sign below offers theatre tickets for sale.

Bevies of Parisian women are shown smiling with their beaus, putting on lipstick or wearing floppy hats at the Longchamp race track, while German officers look on in the background.

More than 10,000 people have flocked to the exhibit since it opened on March 20, most of them over the past days as the controversy over the show heated up.
 
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Oh what a lovely war! The dazzling photos of innocent Parisian fun that make the French so ashamed

A ferocious national debate is under way. Amid demands for censorship, these photos now even come with their own official health warning.

But then, it is equally hard to believe the dates on these photographs. Every one was taken during the hell of the Nazi regime.

According to received wisdom among the French, the Occupation was a time of unspeakable deprivation and cruelty.

That is the story France has been repeating to itself for 64 years, ever since General de Gaulle turned up in a Paris newly-liberated by the Americans and praised a "martyred" capital for bravely freeing itself.

But it is not exactly the story which leaps out of these pictures. And that is why an exhibition of them in the basement of a Parisian library has attracted the wrath of the French establishment - as well as queues around the block.

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Does he look under threat? A lone unarmed German soldier walks down the Metro steps as Parisians get on with the hustle and bustle of their daily lives

These are all the work of Andre Zucca, a photojournalist who had worked for big publications including Paris Match before the Second World War.

After the fall of France in 1940, he was "requisitioned" to work for the Paris edition of a Nazi propaganda magazine called Signal.

It gave him access to the latest German colour film. After the liberation, Zucca became a wedding photographer in the provinces. He died in 1973. Years later, the city bought his archive from his family.

"These pictures provide a very important chronological connection to the present," says Jean Derens, the library's chief conservator. "But I was not expecting this sort of criticism."

It was not long in coming. "It put me so ill at ease that I left," said Christophe Girard. "I immediately understood the manipulation behind these false happy images."

His conclusion was that Zucca had worked for Signal magazine, Signal was propaganda and, thus, these images were propaganda - showing the world a contented Nazi Paris.

Not so, insisted the curator and author of the accompanying book, Jean Baronnet. He pointed out that Zucca was not taking these images for his Nazi editors - not a single one of these photos was ever published.

These were snapshots of Parisian life by a compulsive photographer.

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Women enjoy the racing at Longchamps in high style

None the less, the Mayor of Paris, Bernard Delanoe
, duly asked Derens to hand every visitor a leaflet stressing Zucca's Nazi credentials. The exhibition had to be put "in context". The library answers to the Mayor so Derens has done as he was told.

The leaflet could do with some context of its own. For instance, it warns that the pictures fail to show the Resistance which "had been active in Paris as early as 1940".

Aside from the fact that its members could have met in a phone box in 1940, why would any Resistance member have allowed himself to be snapped at work?

Since then, however, the debate has escalated. This week's edition of L'Express magazine has an Occupation image on the cover and plenty of wartime navel-gazing within. Some critics have demanded that the exhibition should be shut down.

Only a small minority of images show a German presence and, even then, there is no obvious interaction between the occupiers and the hosts.

France appears, simply, to be getting on with its life.

So what do the French people themselves think? There is a well-thumbed comment book at the exit. Most entries commend the exhibition. "Down with censorship!" says one.

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Paris during Nazi occupation was ”�’one big romp’

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A new book which suggests that the German occupation of France encouraged the sexual liberation of women has shocked a country still struggling to come to terms with its troubled history of collaboration with the Nazis.
Like a recent photographic exhibition showing Parisians enjoying themselves under the occupation, the book’s depiction of life in Paris as one big party is at odds with the collective memory of hunger, resistance and fear.
“It is a taboo subject, a story nobody wants to hear,"� said Patrick Buisson, author of 1940-1945 Annees Erotiques (“erotic years"�). “It may hurt our national pride, but the reality is that people adapted to occupation."�
 
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